利用ethtool對網卡限速

因架設Lustre環境，想確認分散式架構對performance是否真的有助益，但沒有10G或InfiniBand等架構，效能都卡在網路頻寬，故想到用降低網路速率來測分散式是否真有助益...


網路上查了一下，可以使用ethtool工具進行..
---------------------
#ethtool
Settings for eth0:
Supported ports: [ TP ]
Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
1000baseT/Full
Supports auto-negotiation: Yes
Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
1000baseT/Full
Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes
Speed: 1000Mb/s
Duplex: Full
Port: Twisted Pair
PHYAD: 1
Transceiver: internal
Auto-negotiation: on
Supports Wake-on: umbg
Wake-on: g
Current message level: 0x00000003 (3)
Link detected: yes
----------------------

目前的網路速度為1000Mb/s。

於是下達
ifdown eth0;ethtool -s eth0 speed 10;ifup eth0

結果失敗，速度仍為1000。
於是修改網卡配置文件
#vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
添加一行
ETHTOOL_OPTS="speed 10 duplex full autoneg off"

就搞定.
--------------------
Settings for eth0:
Supported ports: [ TP ]
Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
1000baseT/Full
Supports auto-negotiation: Yes
Advertised link modes: Not reported
Advertised auto-negotiation: No
Speed: 10Mb/s
Duplex: Full
Port: Twisted Pair
PHYAD: 1
Transceiver: internal
Auto-negotiation: off
Supports Wake-on: umbg
Wake-on: g
Current message level: 0x00000003 (3)
Link detected: yes
--------------------

參考至Lyychee's Blog


....繼續閱讀

今天嘗鮮灌了win7+ubuntu 9.10來玩,ubuntu在首次開機並設定透過wireless連線pppoe後,重新開機後,GNOME的NetworkManager發現就不work了, 點擊NM, 是show "裝置無法管理",
google了一下...參閱自MacBlog
---------------------------------------------------------------------
因為 Debian and Ubuntu 有改過 NetworkManager 的程式碼，所以…
因此，傳統的 ifconfig or NetworkManager 只能二選一
若要用 ifconfig 來設定網路，那在 /etc/network/interfaces 裡就會有:

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet dhcp
wireless-essid myap

若這樣，NetworkManager 就不會去管 eth0 eth1 這兩張網卡了

因此，若你想要讓 eth1 這張無線網卡交給 NetworkManager 來管理
就要把 eth1 的部份註解掉

#auto eth1
#iface eth1 inet dhcp
#wireless-essid myap

Debian and Ubuntu modified NetworkManager so that it would not manage any devices listed in /etc/network/interfaces. If you open this file and comment out the lines for the interfaces you want to manage and reboot NetworkManager will see them. **Do not comment out l0**

Devices which are automatically configured on boot will not be available in NetworkManager. To allow network manager to use all of your devices remove instances of auto in /etc/network/interfaces. (apart from the “auto lo” line, which is needed for the loopback interface)

....繼續閱讀

ORA-01031: insufficient privileges

Arcsight安裝完arcsight db後，要安裝arcsight manager..
但出現

SQL> conn /
ERROR:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory


網路上找了一些解決方法，簡單的有為重起instance..
但我重起的時候發生

ORA-01031: insufficient privileges




後來發現arcsight db安裝oracle 預設的user/group是oracle/oracle..
但大概我在安裝arcsight db前就先把oracle環境用好(包含add oracle user)，所以設到oracle user group為oinstall...

故後續更改了oracle user group就解決了~~

....繼續閱讀

OC4J Configuration issue.

前些日重灌oracle環境，下達emctl status dbconsole看oem狀態~
出現

[oracle@localhost bin]$ ./emctl start dbconsole
TZ set to ROC
OC4J Configuration issue. /home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_localhost.localdomain_ORCL not found.




結果原因為$ORACLE_SID變數未設定，而且預設的orcl db為小寫的
，設成大寫的會有問題，記錄一下。

....繼續閱讀

adump、bdump.....etc

*.audit_file_dest='/export/home/oracle/admin/ora10g/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/export/home/oracle/admin/ora10g/bdump'
*.core_dump_dest='/export/home/oracle/admin/ora10g/cdump'
*.user_dump_dest='/export/home/oracle/admin/ora10g/udump' ....繼續閱讀

Linux Oracle 10gR2 OEM 按鈕亂碼

參考自椰子殼
以CentOS為平台安裝Oracle Linux..
安裝完發現OEM的按鈕都是亂碼...
搜尋了一下google,看到上述網頁的解決方案...
順便記錄一下...

先停止oem
emctl stop dbconsole
分別進入以下三個路徑

$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/jre/lib
$ORACLE_HOME/jre/1.4.2/lib
$ORACLE_HOME/javavm/lib/ojvmfonts

在每個目錄都透過以下指令覆蓋檔案
cp font.properties.zh_TW.Redhat font.properties
進入 OEM 的圖示路徑，清除之前的檔案

cd $ORACLE_HOME/oc4j/j2ee/oc4j_applications/applications/em/em/cabo/images/cache/zht
rm *.gif
rm *.imx
啟動 OEM
emctl start dbconsole

做完上述..還是失敗了...
後來發現是沒有該字形的關係~
font.properties.zh_TW.Redhat 的最後一行：
filename.-arphic_technology_co.-ar_pl_mingti2l_big5-medium-r-normal--*-%d-*-*-c-*-iso10646-1=/usr/share/fonts/zh_TW/TrueType/bsmi00lp.ttf

PS：在文章 http://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/bullock0425/article?mid=464&prev=467&next=462 有提到： bsmi00lp.ttf 字體可以在 http://cle.linux.org.tw/fonts/Arphic/bsmi00lp.ttf 下載。

下載完放置該指定目錄...再做一次上述rm *.gif等動作，重新啟動OEM即可了~~
....繼續閱讀

Oracle中password file的作用及說明

作者： 發表於 2004-06-26 11:59 最後更新於 2006-12-11 12:14 | English Version
版權聲明：可以任意轉載，轉載時請務必以超鏈接形式標明文章原始出處和作者信息及本聲明。
http://www.eygle.com/archives/2004/06/passwordfile.html

在數據庫沒有啟動之前，數據庫內建用戶是無法通過數據庫來驗證身份的

口令文件中存放sysdba/sysoper用戶的用戶名及口令
允許用戶通過口令文件驗證，在數據庫未啟動之前登陸
從而啟動數據庫

如果沒有口令文件，在數據庫未啟動之前就只能通過操作系統認證.



使用Rman，很多时候需要在nomount,mount等状态对数据库进行处理
所以通常要求sysdba权限如果属于本地DBA组，可以通过操作系统认证登陆
如果是远程sysdba登陆，需要通过passwordfile认证.

1.remote_login_passwordfile = NONE

此时停用口令文件验证，Oracle数据库不允许远程SYSDBA/SYSOPER身份登录
无法通过远程进行数据库起停等操作管理

local:



[oracle@jumper oracle]$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production on Thu Apr 15 09:58:45 2004

Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Oracle Data Mining options
JServer Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production

SQL> alter user sys identified by oracle;

User altered.

SQL> show parameter pass

NAME TYPE VALUE
--------------------- ----------- ------------------------------
remote_login_passwordfile string NONE



remote:



E:\Oracle\ora92\bin>sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.4.0 -
Production on 星期四 4月 15 09:39:22 2004

Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle
Corporation. All rights reserved.

SQL> connect sys/oracle@hsjf as
sysdba
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

此处实际上是无法通过口令文件验证

2.remote_login_passwordfile = exclusive







SQL> alter system set remote_login_passwordfile=exclusive scope=spfile;

System altered.

SQL> startup force;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 131142648 bytes
Fixed Size 451576 bytes
Variable Size 104857600 bytes
Database Buffers 25165824 bytes
Redo Buffers 667648 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> show parameter pass

NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
remote_login_passwordfile string EXCLUSIVE
SQL> alter user sys identified by oracle;

User altered.


remote:





E:\Oracle\ora92\bin>sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.4.0 -
Production on 星期四 4月 15 09:47:11 2004

Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle
Corporation. All rights reserved.

SQL> connect sys/oracle@hsjf as
sysdba
已连接。
SQL> show user
USER 为"SYS"
SQL>



这实际上就是通过口令文件验证登录的

3.进一步测试

如果此时我们删除passwdfile,sysdba/sysoper将无法认证，也就无法登陆数据库

Server:



SQL> !
[oracle@jumper oracle]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@jumper dbs]$ ls orapwhsjf
orapwhsjf
[oracle@jumper dbs]$ mv orapwhsjf orapwhsjf.bak
[oracle@jumper dbs]$



Remote:



E:\Oracle\ora92\bin>sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production on 星期四 4月 15 09:50:14 2004

Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.

SQL> connect sys/oracle@hsjf as sysdba
ERROR:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges


SQL>



这实际上就是无法通过口令文件验证身份



4.如果丢失了passwdfile

如果使用passwdfile却意外丢失，此时将不能启动数据库





SQL> startup force;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 131142648 bytes
Fixed Size 451576 bytes
Variable Size 104857600 bytes
Database Buffers 25165824 bytes
Redo Buffers 667648 bytes
ORA-01990: error opening password file '/opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/dbs/orapw'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3




此时可以通过orapwd重建口令文件来解决
此处我们恢复口令文件既可



SQL> !
[oracle@jumper oracle]$ mv $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwhsjf.bak orapwhsjf
[oracle@jumper oracle]$ exit
exit

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL>





大致就是如此.



5. remote_login_passwordfile = shared

我们看一下Oracle9i文档中的说明:

SHARED

More than one database can use a password file. However, the only user recognized by the password file is SYS.

意思是说多个数据库可以共享一个口令文件,但是只可以识别一个用户:SYS



SQL> select * from v$pwfile_users;

USERNAME SYSDB SYSOP
------------------------------ ----- -----
SYS TRUE TRUE

SQL> grant sysdba to eygle;
grant sysdba to eygle
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01994: GRANT failed: cannot add users to public password file

SQL> show parameter password

NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
remote_login_passwordfile string SHARED


我们看到,此时的口令文件中是不能添加用户的.

很多人的疑问在于:口令文件的缺省名称是orapw,怎么能够共享?

实际上是这样的: Oracle数据库在启动时,首先查找的是orapw的口令文件,如果该文件不存在,则开始查找,orapw的口令文件
如果口令文件命名为orapw,多个数据库就可以共享.

我们看一下测试:



[oracle@jumper dbs]$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production on Tue Jul 6 09:40:34 2004

Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Oracle Data Mining options
JServer Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production

SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> !
[oracle@jumper dbs]$ ls
hsjf initdw.ora inithsjf.ora init.ora lkHSJF orapwhsjf spfilehsjf.ora
[oracle@jumper dbs]$ mv orapwhsjf orapwhsjf.bak
[oracle@jumper dbs]$ exit
exit

SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 235999908 bytes
Fixed Size 451236 bytes
Variable Size 201326592 bytes
Database Buffers 33554432 bytes
Redo Buffers 667648 bytes
ORA-01990: error opening password file '/opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/dbs/orapw'--这是最后查找的文件
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3




我们建立orapw口令文件,这时候可以打开数据库.

SQL> !
[oracle@jumper dbs]$ ls
hsjf initdw.ora inithsjf.ora init.ora lkHSJF orapwhsjf.bak spfilehsjf.ora
[oracle@jumper dbs]$ cp orapwhsjf.bak orapw
[oracle@jumper dbs]$ exit
exit

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL> show parameter passw

NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
remote_login_passwordfile string SHARED
SQL>



那么你可能会有这样的疑问,多个Exclusive的数据库是否可以共享一个口令文件(orapw)呢?

我们继续这个实验:

SQL> show parameter password

NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
remote_login_passwordfile string SHARED

[oracle@jumper dbs]$ strings orapw
]\[Z
ORACLE Remote Password file
INTERNAL
AB27B53EDC5FEF41
8A8F025737A9097A

注意这里仅记录着INTERNAL/SYS的口令

REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE 时

SQL> alter system set remote_login_passwordfile=exclusive scope=spfile;

System altered.

SQL> startup force;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 235999908 bytes
Fixed Size 451236 bytes
Variable Size 201326592 bytes
Database Buffers 33554432 bytes
Redo Buffers 667648 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> !

[oracle@jumper bin]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@jumper dbs]$ strings orapw
]\[Z
ORACLE Remote Password file
HSJF
INTERNAL
AB27B53EDC5FEF41
8A8F025737A9097A
[oracle@jumper dbs]$ exit
exit

注意这里,以EXCLUSIVE 方式启动以后,实例名称信息被写入口令文件.

此时如果有其他实例以Exclusive模式启动仍然可以使用这个口令文件,口令文件中的实例名称同时被改写.

也就是说,数据库只在启动过程中才读取口令文件,数据库运行过程中并不锁定该文件,类似于pfile/spfile文件.

SQL> select * from v$pwfile_users;

USERNAME SYSDB SYSOP
------------------------------ ----- -----
SYS TRUE TRUE

SQL> grant sysdba to eygle;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> select * from v$pwfile_users;

USERNAME SYSDB SYSOP
------------------------------ ----- -----
SYS TRUE TRUE
EYGLE TRUE FALSE

SQL> !
[oracle@jumper bin]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@jumper dbs]$ strings orapw
]\[Z
ORACLE Remote Password file
HSJF
INTERNAL
AB27B53EDC5FEF41
8A8F025737A9097A
>EYGLE
B726E09FE21F8E83


注意此时可以增加SYSDBA用户，并且这些信息可以被写入到口令文件.

一旦口令文件中增加了其他SYSDBA用户,此文件不再能够被其他Exclusive的实例共享.

实际上，口令文件对于其他用户来说就是启到了一个 sudo 的作用.

6.重建口令文件

如果口令文件丢失,可以使用orapwd可以重建口令文件，语法如下:

[oracle@jumper oracle]$ orapwd
Usage: orapwd file= password= entries=

where
file - name of password file (mand),
password - password for SYS (mand),
entries - maximum number of distinct DBA and OPERs (opt),
There are no spaces around the equal-to (=) character.

....繼續閱讀